`.bellcurve`

class: `BellCurveSeries`

class BellCurveSeries(**kwargs)[source]

Options to configure a Bell Curve series.

A bell curve is an areaspline series which represents the probability density function of the normal distribution. It calculates mean and standard deviation of the base series data and plots the curve according to the calculated parameters.

Class Inheritance

convert_to(series_type)

Creates a new series of series_type from the current series.

Parameters:: series_type (str or SeriesBase-descended) – The series type that should be returned.

Warning

This operation is not guaranteed to work converting between all series types. This is because some series types have different properties, different logic / functionality for their properties, and may have entirely different data requirements.

In general, this method is expected to be lossy in nature, meaning that when the series can be converted “close enough” the series will be converted. However, if the target series_type does not support certain properties set on the original instance, then those settings will not be propagated to the new series.

In certain cases, this method may raise an HighchartsSeriesConversionError if the method is unable to convert (even losing some data) the original into series_type.

Returns:

A new series of series_type, maintaining relevant properties and data from the original instance.

Return type:

series_type SeriesBase descendant

Raises:

HighchartsSeriesConversionError – if unable to convert (even after losing some data) the original instance into an instance of series_type.
HighchartsValueError – if series_type is not a recognized series type

copy(other=None, overwrite=True, **kwargs)

Copy the configuration settings from this instance to the other instance.

Parameters:

other (HighchartsMeta) – The target instance to which the properties of this instance should be copied. If None, will create a new instance and populate it with properties copied from self. Defaults to None.
overwrite (bool) – if True, properties in other that are already set will be overwritten by their counterparts in self. Defaults to True.
kwargs – Additional keyword arguments. Some special descendents of HighchartsMeta may have special implementations of this method which rely on additional keyword arguments.

Returns:

A mutated version of other with new property values

display(global_options=None, container=None, retries=5, interval=1000, chart_kwargs=None, options_kwargs=None)

Display the series in Jupyter Labs or Jupyter Notebooks.

Parameters:

global_options (SharedOptions or None) – The shared options to use when rendering the chart. Defaults to None
container (str or None) –
The ID to apply to the HTML container when rendered in Jupyter Labs. Defaults to None, which applies the .container property if set, and 'highcharts_target_div' if not set.

Note

Highcharts for Python will append a 6-character random string to the value of container to ensure uniqueness of the chart’s container when rendering in a Jupyter Notebook/Labs context. The Chart instance will retain the mapping between container and the random string so long as the instance exists, thus allowing you to easily update the rendered chart by calling the .display() method again.

If you wish to create a new chart from the instance that does not update the existing chart, then you can do so by specifying a new container value.
retries (int) – The number of times to retry rendering the chart. Used to avoid race conditions with the Highcharts script. Defaults to 5.
interval (int) – The number of milliseconds to wait between retrying rendering the chart. Defaults to 1000 (1 seocnd).
chart_kwargs (dict) – Optional keyword arguments to use when constructing the Chart instance. Defaults to None.
options_kwargs (dict) –
Optional keyword arguments to use when constructing the chart’s HighchartsOptions object. Defaults to None.

Warning

If your chart_kwargs contains an options key, its value will be overwritten if you supply options_kwargs.

Raises:

HighchartsDependencyError – if ipython is not available in the runtime environment

classmethod from_array(value, series_kwargs=None)

Create one instance of the series with data populated from value.

Parameters:

value (iterable) –
The value that should contain the data which will be converted into data point instances.

Note

If value is not an iterable, it will be converted into an iterable to be further de-serialized correctly.
series_kwargs (dict or None) – Optional keyword arguments to apply when instanting the series. Defaults to None.

Returns:

An instance of the series type with data populated from the value.

Return type:

SeriesBase descendent

classmethod from_csv(as_string_or_file, property_column_map=None, has_header_row=True, series_kwargs=None, delimiter=',', null_text='None', wrapper_character="'", line_terminator='\r\n', wrap_all_strings=False, double_wrapper_character_when_nested=False, escape_character='\\', series_in_rows=False, series_index=None, **kwargs)

Create one or more new series instances with .data populated from data in a CSV string or file.

Note

For an example LineSeries, the minimum code required would be:

# Create one or more LineSeries instances from the CSV file "some-csv-file.csv".

# EXAMPLE 1. The minimum code to produce one series for each
# column in the CSV file (excluding the first column):

my_series = LineSeries.from_csv('some-csv-file.csv')

# EXAMPLE 2. Produces ONE series with more precise configuration:

my_series = LineSeries.from_csv('some-csv-file.csv',
                                property_column_map = {
                                    'x': 0,
                                    'y': 3,
                                    'id': 'id'
                                })

# EXAMPLE 3. Produces THREE series instances with 
# more precise configuration:

my_series = LineSeries.from_csv('some-csv-file.csv',
                                property_column_map = {
                                    'x': 0,
                                    'y': [3, 5, 8],
                                    'id': 'id'
                                })

As the example above shows, data is loaded into the my_series instance from the CSV file with a filename some-csv-file.csv. The x values for each data point will be taken from the first (index 0) column in the CSV file. The y values will be taken from the fourth (index 3) column in the CSV file. And the id values will be taken from a column whose header row is labeled 'id' (regardless of its index).

Parameters:

as_string_or_file (str or Path-like) –
The CSV data to use to pouplate data. Accepts either the raw CSV data as a str or a path to a file in the runtime environment that contains the CSV data.

Tip

Unwrapped empty column values are automatically interpreted as null (None).
property_column_map (dict or None) –
A dict used to indicate which data point property should be set to which CSV column. The keys in the dict should correspond to properties in the data point class, while the value can either be a numerical index (starting with 0) or a str indicating the label for the CSV column. Defaults to None.
Note

If any of the values in property_column_map contain an iterable, then one series will be produced for each item in the iterable. For example, the following:
{ 'x': 0, 'y': [3, 5, 8] }
will return three series, each of which will have its .x value populated from the first column (index 0), and whose .y values will be populated from the fourth, sixth, and ninth columns (indices 3, 5, and 8), respectively.
Warning

If the property_column_map uses str values, the CSV file must have a header row (this is expected, by default). If there is no header row and a str value is found, a HighchartsCSVDeserializationError will be raised.
has_header_row (bool) – If True, indicates that the first row of as_string_or_file contains column labels, rather than actual data. Defaults to True.
series_kwargs (dict) –
An optional dict containing keyword arguments that should be used when instantiating the series instance. Defaults to None.

Warning

If series_kwargs contains a data key, its value will be overwritten. The data value will be created from the CSV file instead.
delimiter (str) – The delimiter used between columns. Defaults to ,.
wrapper_character (str) – The string used to wrap string values when wrapping is applied. Defaults to '.
null_text (str) – The string used to indicate an empty value if empty values are wrapped. Defaults to None.
line_terminator (str) – The string used to indicate the end of a line/record in the CSV data. Defaults to '\r\n'.
line_terminator –
The string used to indicate the end of a line/record in the CSV data. Defaults to '\r\n'.

Note

The Python csv currently ignores the line_terminator parameter and always applies '\r\n', by design. The Python docs say this may change in the future, so for future backwards compatibility we are including it here.
wrap_all_strings (bool) –
If True, indicates that the CSV file has all string data values wrapped in quotation marks. Defaults to False.

Warning

If set to True, the csv module will try to coerce any value that is not wrapped in quotation marks to a float. This can cause unexpected behavior, and typically we recommend leaving this as False and then re-casting values after they have been parsed.
double_wrapper_character_when_nested (bool) – If True, quote character is doubled when appearing within a string value. If False, the escape_character is used to prefix quotation marks. Defaults to False.
escape_character (str) – A one-character string that indicates the character used to escape quotation marks if they appear within a string value that is already wrapped in quotation marks. Defaults to \\ (which is Python for '\', which is Python’s native escape character).
series_in_rows (bool) – if True, will attempt a streamlined cartesian series with x-values taken from column names, y-values taken from row values, and the series name taken from the row index. Defaults to False. False.
series_index (int, slice, or None) – If supplied, return the series that Highcharts for Python generated from the CSV at the series_index position. Defaults to None, which returns all series generated from the CSV.
**kwargs –
Remaining keyword arguments will be attempted on the resulting series instance and the data points it contains.

Returns:

A series instance (descended from SeriesBase) OR list of series instances with its .data property populated from the data in df.

Return type:

list of series instances (descended from SeriesBase) or SeriesBase-descendent

Raises:

HighchartsCSVDeserializationError – if property_column_map references CSV columns by their label, but the CSV data does not contain a header row

classmethod from_csv_in_rows(as_string_or_file, has_header_row=True, series_kwargs=None, delimiter=',', null_text='None', wrapper_character="'", line_terminator='\r\n', wrap_all_strings=False, double_wrapper_character_when_nested=False, escape_character='\\', **kwargs)

Create a new series instance with a .data property populated from data in a CSV string or file.

Note

For an example LineSeries, the minimum code required would be:
my_series = LineSeries.from_csv_in_rows('some-csv-file.csv')

Parameters:

as_string_or_file (str or Path-like) –
The CSV data to use to pouplate data. Accepts either the raw CSV data as a str or a path to a file in the runtime environment that contains the CSV data.

Tip

Unwrapped empty column values are automatically interpreted as null (None).
has_header_row (bool) – If True, indicates that the first row of as_string_or_file contains column labels, rather than actual data. Defaults to True.
series_kwargs (dict) –
An optional dict containing keyword arguments that should be used when instantiating the series instance. Defaults to None.

Warning

If series_kwargs contains a data key, its value will be overwritten. The data value will be created from the CSV file instead.
delimiter (str) – The delimiter used between columns. Defaults to ,.
wrapper_character (str) – The string used to wrap string values when wrapping is applied. Defaults to '.
null_text (str) – The string used to indicate an empty value if empty values are wrapped. Defaults to None.
line_terminator (str) – The string used to indicate the end of a line/record in the CSV data. Defaults to '\r\n'.
line_terminator –
The string used to indicate the end of a line/record in the CSV data. Defaults to '\r\n'.

Note

The Python csv currently ignores the line_terminator parameter and always applies '\r\n', by design. The Python docs say this may change in the future, so for future backwards compatibility we are including it here.
wrap_all_strings (bool) –
If True, indicates that the CSV file has all string data values wrapped in quotation marks. Defaults to False.

Warning

If set to True, the csv module will try to coerce any value that is not wrapped in quotation marks to a float. This can cause unexpected behavior, and typically we recommend leaving this as False and then re-casting values after they have been parsed.
double_wrapper_character_when_nested (bool) – If True, quote character is doubled when appearing within a string value. If False, the escape_character is used to prefix quotation marks. Defaults to False.
escape_character (str) – A one-character string that indicates the character used to escape quotation marks if they appear within a string value that is already wrapped in quotation marks. Defaults to \\ (which is Python for '\', which is Python’s native escape character).
**kwargs –
Remaining keyword arguments will be attempted on the resulting series instance and the data points it contains.

Returns:

A series instance (descended from SeriesBase) OR list of series instances with its .data property populated from the data in df.

Return type:

list of series instances (descended from SeriesBase) or SeriesBase-descendent

Raises:

HighchartsCSVDeserializationError – if property_column_map references CSV columns by their label, but the CSV data does not contain a header row

classmethod from_dict(as_dict: dict, allow_snake_case: bool = True)

Construct an instance of the class from a dict object.

Parameters:

as_dict (dict) – A dict representation of the object.
allow_snake_case (bool) – If True, interprets snake_case keys as equivalent to camelCase keys. Defaults to True.

Returns:

A Python object representation of as_dict.

Return type:

HighchartsMeta

classmethod from_js_literal(as_str_or_file, allow_snake_case: bool = True, _break_loop_on_failure: bool = False)

Return a Python object representation of a Highcharts JavaScript object literal.

Parameters:

as_str_or_file (str) – The JavaScript object literal, represented either as a str or as a filename which contains the JS object literal.
allow_snake_case (bool) – If True, interprets snake_case keys as equivalent to camelCase keys. Defaults to True.
_break_loop_on_failure (bool) – If True, will break any looping operations in the event of a failure. Otherwise, will attempt to repair the failure. Defaults to False.

Returns:

A Python object representation of the Highcharts JavaScript object literal.

Return type:

HighchartsMeta

classmethod from_json(as_json_or_file, allow_snake_case: bool = True)

Construct an instance of the class from a JSON string.

Parameters:

as_json_or_file – The JSON string for the object or the filename of a file that contains the JSON string.
allow_snake_case (bool) – If True, interprets snake_case keys as equivalent to camelCase keys. Defaults to True.

Returns:

A Python objcet representation of as_json.

Return type:

HighchartsMeta

classmethod from_pandas(df, property_map=None, series_kwargs=None, series_in_rows=False, series_index=None, **kwargs)

Create one or more series instances whose .data properties are populated from a pandas DataFrame.

# Given a Pandas DataFrame instance named "df"
from highcharts_core.chart import Chart
from highcharts_core.options.series.area import LineSeries

# Creating a Series from the DataFrame

## EXAMPLE 1. Minimum code required. Creates one or more series.

my_series = LineSeries.from_pandas(df)

## EXAMPLE 2. More precise configuration. Creates ONE series.

my_series = LineSeries.from_pandas(df, series_index = 2)

## EXAMPLE 3. More precise configuration. Creates ONE series.

my_series = LineSeries.from_pandas(df,
                                   property_map = {
                                      'x': 'date',
                                      'y': 'value',
                                      'id': 'id'
                                   })

## EXAMPLE 4. More precise configuration. Creates THREE series.

my_series = LineSeries.from_pandas(df,
                                   property_map = {
                                      'x': 'date',
                                      'y': ['value1', 'value2', 'value3'],
                                      'id': 'id'
                                   })

Parameters:

df (DataFrame) – The DataFrame from which data should be loaded.
property_map (dict or None) –
A dict used to indicate which data point property should be set to which column in df. The keys in the dict should correspond to properties in the data point class, while the value should indicate the label for the DataFrame column. Defaults to None.
Note

If any of the values in property_map contain an iterable, then one series will be produced for each item in the iterable. For example, the following:
{ 'x': 'timestamp', 'y': ['value1', 'value2', 'value3'] }
will return three series, each of which will have its .x value populated from the column labeled 'timestamp', and whose .y values will be populated from the columns labeled 'value1', 'value2', and 'value3', respectively.
series_kwargs (dict) –
An optional dict containing keyword arguments that should be used when instantiating the series instance. Defaults to None.

Warning

If series_kwargs contains a data key, its value will be overwritten. The data value will be created from df instead.
series_in_rows (bool) – if True, will attempt a streamlined cartesian series with x-values taken from column names, y-values taken from row values, and the series name taken from the row index. Defaults to False. False.
series_index (int, slice, or None) – If supplied, return the series that Highcharts for Python generated from df at the series_index value. Defaults to None, which returns all series generated from df.
**kwargs –
Remaining keyword arguments will be attempted on the resulting series instance and the data points it contains.

Returns:

A series instance (descended from SeriesBase) OR list of series instances with its .data property populated from the data in df.

Return type:

list of series instances (descended from SeriesBase) or SeriesBase-descendent

Raises:

HighchartsPandasDeserializationError – if property_map references a column that does not exist in the data frame
HighchartsDependencyError –
if pandas is not available in the runtime environment

classmethod from_pandas_in_rows(df, series_kwargs=None, series_index=None, **kwargs)

Create a collection of series instances, one for each row in df.

Parameters:

df (DataFrame) – The DataFrame from which data should be loaded.
series_kwargs (dict) –
An optional dict containing keyword arguments that should be used when instantiating the series instance. Defaults to None.

Warning

If series_kwargs contains a data key, its value will be overwritten. The data value will be created from df instead.
series_index (int, slice, or None) – If supplied, return the series that Highcharts for Python generated from df at the series_index value. Defaults to None, which returns all series generated from df.
**kwargs –
Remaining keyword arguments will be attempted on the resulting series instance and the data points it contains.

Returns:

Collection of series instances corresponding, with one series per row in df, and where:

the series x-values are populated from the column labels in df

the series name is set to the row label from df

the series y-values are populated from the values within that row in df

Return type:

list of SeriesBase-descendent instances

classmethod from_pyspark(df, property_map, series_kwargs=None)

Create a series instance whose .data property is populated from a PySpark DataFrame.

Parameters:

df (DataFrame) – The DataFrame from which data should be loaded.
property_map (dict) – A dict used to indicate which data point property should be set to which column in df. The keys in the dict should correspond to properties in the data point class, while the value should indicate the label for the DataFrame column.
series_kwargs (dict) –
An optional dict containing keyword arguments that should be used when instantiating the series instance. Defaults to None.

Warning

If series_kwargs contains a data key, its value will be overwritten. The data value will be created from df instead.

Returns:

A series instance (descended from SeriesBase) with its .data property populated from the data in df.

Return type:

list of series instances (descended from SeriesBase)

Raises:

HighchartsPySparkDeserializationError – if property_map references a column that does not exist in the data frame
HighchartsDependencyError –
if PySpark is not available in the runtime environment

get_required_modules(include_extension=False) → List[str]

Return the list of URLs from which the Highcharts JavaScript modules needed to render the chart can be retrieved.

Parameters:: include_extension (bool) – if True, will return script names with the '.js' extension included. Defaults to False.
Return type:: list of str

load_from_array(value)

Update the .data property with data loaded from an iterable in value.

Parameters:

value (iterable) –

The value that should contain the data which will be converted into data point instances.

Note

If value is not an iterable, it will be converted into an iterable to be further de-serialized correctly.

load_from_csv(as_string_or_file, property_column_map=None, has_header_row=True, delimiter=',', null_text='None', wrapper_character="'", line_terminator='\r\n', wrap_all_strings=False, double_wrapper_character_when_nested=False, escape_character='\\', series_in_rows=False, series_index=True, **kwargs)

Replace the existing .data property with a new value populated from data in a CSV string or file.

Note

For an example LineSeries, the minimum code required would be:
my_series = LineSeries()

# EXAMPLE 1. Minimal code - will attempt to update the line series
# taking x-values from the first column, and y-values from
# the second column. If there are too many columns in the CSV,
# will throw an error.

my_series = my_series.from_csv('some-csv-file.csv')

# EXAMPLE 2. More precise code - will attempt to update the line series
# mapping columns in the CSV file to properties on the series
# instance.

my_series = my_series.from_csv('some-csv-file.csv',
                               property_column_map = {
                                   'x': 0,
                                   'y': 3,
                                   'id': 'id'
                               })

# EXAMPLE 3. More precise code - will update the line series
# using a specific series generated from the CSV file.

my_series = my_series.from_csv('some-csv-file.csv', series_index = 2)
As the example above shows, data is loaded into the my_series instance from the CSV file with a filename some-csv-file.csv. As shown in EXAMPLE 1, unless otherwise specified, the .x values for each data point will be taken from the first (index 0) column in the CSV file, while the .y values will be taken from the second column.

If the CSV has more than 2 columns, then this will throw an HighchartsCSVDeserializationError because the function is not certain which columns to use to update the series. If this happens, you can either:

As shown in EXAMPLE 2, precisely specify which columns to use by providing a property_column_map argument. In EXAMPLE 2, the .x values for each data point will be taken from the first (index 0) column in the CSV file. The .y values will be taken from the fourth (index 3) column in the CSV file. And the .id values will be taken from a column whose header row is labeled 'id' (regardless of its index).

Supply a series_index argument, which indicates which of the series generated from the CSV file should be used to update the instance.

Parameters:

as_string_or_file (str or Path-like) –
The CSV data to use to pouplate data. Accepts either the raw CSV data as a str or a path to a file in the runtime environment that contains the CSV data.

Tip

Unwrapped empty column values are automatically interpreted as null (None).
property_column_map (dict or None) –
An optional dict used to indicate which data point property should be set to which CSV column. The keys in the dict should correspond to properties in the data point class, while the value can either be a numerical index (starting with 0) or a str indicating the label for the CSV column. Defaults to None.

Warning

If the property_column_map uses str values, the CSV file must have a header row (this is expected, by default). If there is no header row and a str value is found, a HighchartsCSVDeserializationError will be raised.
has_header_row (bool) – If True, indicates that the first row of as_string_or_file contains column labels, rather than actual data. Defaults to True.
delimiter (str) – The delimiter used between columns. Defaults to ,.
wrapper_character (str) – The string used to wrap string values when wrapping is applied. Defaults to '.
null_text (str) – The string used to indicate an empty value if empty values are wrapped. Defaults to None.
line_terminator (str) – The string used to indicate the end of a line/record in the CSV data. Defaults to '\r\n'.
line_terminator –
The string used to indicate the end of a line/record in the CSV data. Defaults to '\r\n'.

Note

The Python csv currently ignores the line_terminator parameter and always applies '\r\n', by design. The Python docs say this may change in the future, so for future backwards compatibility we are including it here.
wrap_all_strings (bool) –
If True, indicates that the CSV file has all string data values wrapped in quotation marks. Defaults to False.

Warning

If set to True, the csv module will try to coerce any value that is not wrapped in quotation marks to a float. This can cause unexpected behavior, and typically we recommend leaving this as False and then re-casting values after they have been parsed.
double_wrapper_character_when_nested (bool) – If True, quote character is doubled when appearing within a string value. If False, the escape_character is used to prefix quotation marks. Defaults to False.
escape_character (str) – A one-character string that indicates the character used to escape quotation marks if they appear within a string value that is already wrapped in quotation marks. Defaults to \ (which is Python for '', which is Python’s native escape character).
series_in_rows (bool) – if True, will attempt a streamlined cartesian series with x-values taken from column names, y-values taken from row values, and the series name taken from the row index. Defaults to False.
series_index (int or None) – if None, will raise a HighchartsCSVDeserializationError if the CSV data contains more than one series and no property_column_map is provided. Otherwise, will update the instance with the series found in the CSV at the series_index value. Defaults to None.
**kwargs –
Remaining keyword arguments will be attempted on the resulting series instance and the data points it contains.

Raises:

HighchartsCSVDeserializationError – if property_column_map references CSV columns by their label, but the CSV data does not contain a header row

load_from_pandas(df, property_map=None, series_in_rows=False, series_index=None)

Replace the contents of the .data property with data points populated from a pandas DataFrame.

Parameters:

df (DataFrame) – The DataFrame from which data should be loaded.
property_map (dict or None) – A dict used to indicate which data point property should be set to which column in df. The keys in the dict should correspond to properties in the data point class, while the value should indicate the label for the DataFrame column. Defaults to None.
series_in_rows (bool) – if True, will attempt a streamlined cartesian series with x-values taken from column names, y-values taken from row values, and the series name taken from the row index. Defaults to False.
series_index (int, or None) –
If supplied, return the series that Highcharts for Python generated from df at the series_index value. Defaults to None, which returns all series generated from df.

Warning

If None and Highcharts for Python generates multiple series, then a HighchartsPandasDeserializationError will be raised.

Raises:

HighchartsPandasDeserializationError – if property_map references a column that does not exist in the data frame
HighchartsPandasDeserializationError – if series_index is None, and it is ambiguous which series generated from the dataframe should be used
HighchartsDependencyError –
if pandas is not available in the runtime environment

load_from_pyspark(df, property_map)

Replaces the contents of the .data property with values from a PySpark DataFrame.

Parameters:

df (DataFrame) – The DataFrame from which data should be loaded.
property_map (dict) – A dict used to indicate which data point property should be set to which column in df. The keys in the dict should correspond to properties in the data point class, while the value should indicate the label for the DataFrame column.

Raises:

HighchartsPySparkDeserializationError – if property_map references a column that does not exist in the data frame
HighchartsDependencyError –
if PySpark is not available in the runtime environment

to_chart(chart_kwargs=None, options_kwargs=None)

Create a Chart instance containing the series instance.

Parameters:

chart_kwargs (dict) – Optional keyword arguments to use when constructing the Chart instance. Defaults to None.
options_kwargs (dict) –
Optional keyword arguments to use when constructing the chart’s HighchartsOptions object. Defaults to None.

Warning

If your chart_kwargs contains an options key, its value will be overwritten if you supply options_kwargs.

Returns:

A Chart instance containing the series instance.

Return type:

Chart

to_dict() → dict

Generate a dict representation of the object compatible with the Highcharts JavaScript library.

Note

The dict representation has a property structure and naming convention that is intentionally consistent with the Highcharts JavaScript library. This is not Pythonic, but it makes managing the interplay between the two languages much, much simpler.

Returns:: A dict representation of the object.
Return type:: dict

to_js_literal(filename=None, encoding='utf-8', careful_validation=False) → str | None

Return the object represented as a str containing the JavaScript object literal.

Parameters:

filename (Path-like) – The name of a file to which the JavaScript object literal should be persisted. Defaults to None
encoding (str) – The character encoding to apply to the resulting object. Defaults to 'utf-8'.
careful_validation – if True, will carefully validate JavaScript values

along the way using the esprima-python library. Defaults to False.

Warning

Setting this value to True will significantly degrade serialization performance, though it may prove useful for debugging purposes.

Return type:: str or None

to_json(filename=None, encoding='utf-8')

Generate a JSON string/byte string representation of the object compatible with the Highcharts JavaScript library.

Note

This method will either return a standard str or a bytes object depending on the JSON serialization library you are using. For example, if your environment has orjson, the result will be a bytes representation of the string.

Parameters:

filename (Path-like) – The name of a file to which the JSON string should be persisted. Defaults to None
encoding (str) – The character encoding to apply to the resulting object. Defaults to 'utf-8'.

Returns:

A JSON representation of the object compatible with the Highcharts library.

Return type:

str or bytes

static trim_dict(untrimmed: dict, to_json: bool = False, context: str = None) → dict

Remove keys from untrimmed whose values are None and convert values that have .to_dict() methods.

Parameters:

untrimmed (dict) – The dict whose values may still be None or Python objects.
to_json (bool) – If True, will remove all keys from untrimmed that are not serializable to JSON. Defaults to False.
context (str or None) – If provided, will inform the method of the context in which it is being run which may inform special handling cases (e.g. where empty strings may be important / allowable). Defaults to None.

Returns:

Trimmed dict

Return type:

dict

static trim_iterable(untrimmed, to_json=False, context: str = None)

Convert any EnforcedNullType values in untrimmed to 'null'.

Parameters:

untrimmed (iterable) – The iterable whose members may still be None or Python objects.
to_json (bool) – If True, will remove all members from untrimmed that are not serializable to JSON. Defaults to False.
context (str or None) – If provided, will inform the method of the context in which it is being run which may inform special handling cases (e.g. where empty strings may be important / allowable). Defaults to None.

Return type:

iterable

property accessibility: TypeOptionsAccessibility | None

Accessibility options for a series.

Return type:: TypeOptionsAccessibility or None

property allow_point_select: bool | None

Allow this series’ points to be selected by clicking on the graphic (columns, point markers, pie slices, map areas etc).

The selected points can be handled in JavaScript by point select and unselect events, or collectively by the (JavaScript) getSelectedPoints() function.

And alternative way of selecting points is through dragging.

Defaults to False.

Return type:: bool or None

property animation: AnimationOptions | None

Enable or disable the initial animation when a series is displayed.

The animation can also be set as a configuration object. Please note that this option only applies to the initial animation of the series itself. For other animations, see Chart.animation and the animation parameter under the (JavaScript) API methods. The following properties are supported:

defer: The animation delay time in milliseconds.

duration: The duration of the animation in milliseconds.

easing: Can be a string reference to an easing function set on the Math object or a function.

Warning

Due to poor performance, animation is disabled in old IE browsers for several chart types.

Return type:: AnimationOptions or None

property animation_limit: int | float | Decimal | None

For some series, there is a limit that shuts down initial animation by default when the total number of points in the chart is too high. Defaults to None.

For example, for a column chart and its derivatives, animation does not run if there is more than 250 points totally. To disable this cap, set animation_limit to float("inf") (which represents infinity).

Return type:: numeric or None

property base_series: str | int | None

An integer identifying the index to use for the base series, or a string representing the id of the series. Defaults to None.

Return type:: int or str or None

property boost_blending: str | None

Sets the color blending in the boost module. Defaults to None.

Return type:: str or None

property boost_threshold: int | None

Set the point threshold for when a series should enter boost mode. Defaults to 5000.

Setting it to e.g. 2000 will cause the series to enter boost mode when there are 2,000 or more points in the series.

To disable boosting on the series, set the boost_threshold to 0. Setting it to 1 will force boosting.

Note

The AreaOptions.crop_threshold() also affects this setting.

When zooming in on a series that has fewer points than the crop_threshold, all points are rendered although outside the visible plot area, and the boost_threshold won’t take effect.

Return type:: int or None

property class_name: str | None

The additional CSS class name to apply to the series’ graphical elements.

Note

This option is additive to the default class names - it does not replace them.

Return type:: str or None

property clip: bool | None

If False, allows the series to be rendered in the entire plot area. If True, constrains where the series can be rendered within the plot area. Defaults to True.

Return type:: bool or None

property color: str | Gradient | Pattern | None

The main color of the series.

In line type series it applies to the line and the point markers unless otherwise specified. In bar type series it applies to the bars unless a color is specified per point. The default value is pulled from the Options.colors() array.

Returns:: The main color applied to the series.
Return type:: str, Gradient, Pattern`, or None

property color_axis: str | int | bool | None

When using dual or multiple color axes, this setting defines which color axis the particular series is connected to. It refers to either the ColorAxis.id() or the index of the axis in the ColorAxis array, with 0 being the first. Set this option to False to prevent a series from connecting to the default color axis.

Defaults to 0.

Return type:: None or str or int or bool

property color_index: int | None

When operating in styled mode, a specific color index to use for the series, so that its graphic representations are given the class name highcharts-color-{n}.

Tip

New in version Highcharts: (JS) v.11

With Highcharts (JS) v.11, using CSS variables of the form --highcharts-color-{n} make changing the color scheme very simple.

Defaults to None.

Return type:: int or None

property color_key: str | None

Determines what data value should be used to calculate point color if AreaOptions.color_axis() is used.

Note

Requires to set min and max if some custom point property is used or if approximation for data grouping is set to 'sum'.

Return type:: str or None

property connect_ends: bool | None

If True, connect the ends of a line series plot across the extremes. Defaults to None.

Warning

Applies to polar charts only.

Return type:: bool or None

property connect_nulls: bool | None

If True, connect a graph line across null points. If False, renders a gap between the points on either side of the null point. Defaults to False.

Return type:: bool or None

property crisp: bool | None

If True, each point or column edge is rounded to its nearest pixel in order to render sharp on screen. Defaults to True.

Hint

In some cases, when there are a lot of densely packed columns, this leads to visible difference in column widths or distance between columns. In these cases, setting crisp to False may look better, even though each column is rendered blurry.

Return type:: bool or None

property crop_threshold: int | None

When the series contains less points than the crop threshold, all points are drawn, even if the points fall outside the visible plot area at the current zoom. Defaults to 300.

The advantage of drawing all points (including markers and columns), is that animation is performed on updates. On the other hand, when the series contains more points than the crop threshold, the series data is cropped to only contain points that fall within the plot area. The advantage of cropping away invisible points is to increase performance on large series.

Return type:: int or None

property cursor: str | None

The style of cursor to use when the user’s mouse hovers over the data series.

Acceptable values are:

'alias'

'all-scroll'

'auto'

'cell'

'col-resize'

'context-menu'

'copy'

'crosshair'

'default'

'e-resize'

'ew-resize'

'grab'

'grabbing'

'help'

'move'

'n-resize'

'ne-resize'

'nesw-resize'

'no-drop'

'none'

'not-allowed'

'ns-resize'

'nw-resize'

'nwse-resize'

'pointer'

'progress'

'row-resize'

's-resize'

'se-resize'

'sw-resize'

'text'

'vertical-text'

'w-resize'

'wait'

'zoom-in'

'zoom-out'

Return type:: str or None

property custom: JavaScriptDict | None

A reserved subspace to store options and values for customized functionality.

Here you can add additional data for your own event callbacks and formatter callbacks.

Return type:: dict or None

property dash_style: str | None

Name of the dash style to use for the graph, or for some series types the outline of each shape.

Accepts one of the following values:

‘Dash’,

‘DashDot’,

‘Dot’,

‘LongDash’,

‘LongDashDot’,

‘LongDashDotDot’,

‘ShortDash’,

‘ShortDashDot’,

‘ShortDashDotDot’,

‘ShortDot’,

‘Solid’

Return type:: str or None

property data: None

The collection of data points for the series. Defaults to None.

Warning

All Bell Curve Series by definition return None for their data. They are a special series, drawn in relationship to the base_series specified, and do not receive independent data points of their own.

Return type:: None

property data_labels: DataLabel | List[DataLabel] | None

Options for the series data labels, appearing next to each data point.

Note

To have multiple data labels per data point, you can also supply a collection of DataLabel configuration settings.

Return type:: DataLabel, list of DataLabel, or None

property data_sorting: DataSorting | None

Options for the series data sorting.

Return type:: DataSorting or None

property description: str | None

A description of the series to add to the screen reader information about the series.

Return type:: str or None

property drag_drop: DragDropOptions | None

The draggable-points module allows points to be moved around or modified in the chart.

In addition to the options mentioned under the dragDrop API structure, the module fires three (JavaScript) events:

point.dragStart

point.drag

point.drop

Return type:: DragDropOptions or None

property enable_mouse_tracking: bool | None

If True, enables mouse tracking for the series (used to capture point tooltips, click events on graphs and points, etc.). If False, disables mouse tracking for the series (which can help performance). Defaults to True.

Return type:: bool or None

property events: SeriesEvents | None

General event handlers for the series items.

Note

These event hooks can also be attached to the series at run time using the (JavaScript) Highcharts.addEvent() function.

Return type:: SeriesEvents or None

property fill_color: str | Gradient | Pattern | EnforcedNullType | None

Fill color or gradient for the area. When EnforcedNullType, the series’ color is used with the series’ fill_opacity.

Return type:: None, Gradient, Pattern, or EnforcedNullType

property fill_opacity: int | float | Decimal | None

Fill opacity for the area. Defaults to 0.75.

When you set an explicit fill_color, the fill_opacity is not applied. Instead, you should define the opacity in the fill_color with an rgba color definition.

The fill_opacity setting, also the default setting, overrides the alpha component of the color setting.

Return type:: numeric or None

property find_nearest_point_by: str | None

Determines whether the series should look for the nearest point in both dimensions or just the x-dimension when hovering the series.

If None, defaults to 'xy' for scatter series and 'x' for most other series. If the data has duplicate x-values, it is recommended to set this to 'xy' to allow hovering over all points.

Applies only to series types using nearest neighbor search (not direct hover) for tooltip.

Return type:: str or None

property get_extremes_from_all: bool | None

If True, uses the Y extremes of the total chart width or only the zoomed area when zooming in on parts of the X axis. By default, the Y axis adjusts to the min and max of the visible data.

Warning

Applies to Cartesian series only.

Return type:: bool or None

property id: str | None

An id for the series. Defaults to None.

Hint

This can be used (in JavaScript) after render time to get a pointer to the series object through chart.get().

Return type:: str or None

property inactive_other_points: bool | None

If True, highlights only the hovered point and fades the other points.: Defaults to False.

Warning

Scatter-type series require enabling the ‘inactive’ marker state and adjusting opacity. This approach could affect performance

with large datasets.

rtype:

bool or None

property include_in_data_export: bool | None

If False, will prevent the data series from being included in any form of data export. Defaults to True.

Return type:: bool or None

property index: int | None

The index for the series in the chart, affecting the internal index in the (JavaScript) chart.series array, the visible Z-index, and the order of the series in the legend. Defaults to None.

Return type:: int or None

property intervals: int | float | Decimal | None

Defines the length of the bell curve, expressed as the number of standard deviations. Defaults to 3.

Return type:: numeric or None

property keys: List[str] | None

An array specifying which option maps to which key in the data point array.

This makes it convenient to work with unstructured data arrays from different sources.

Return type:: list of str, or None

property label: SeriesLabel | None

Series labels are placed as close to the series as possible in a natural way, seeking to avoid other series. The goal of this feature is to make the chart more easily readable, like if a human designer placed the labels in the optimal position.

Note

The series labels currently work with series types having a graph or an area.

Return type:: SeriesLabel or None

property legend_index: int | None

The sequential index for the series in the legend. Defaults to None.

Return type:: int or None

property legend_symbol: str | None

The type of legend symbol to render for the series. Accepts either 'lineMarker' or 'rectangle'. Defaults to 'rectangle'.

Return type:: str

property line_color: str | Gradient | Pattern | None

A separate color for the graph line. When None, by default the line takes the color of the series, but the line_color setting allows setting a separate color for the line without altering the fill_color.

Return type:: None, Gradient, Pattern, or str

property line_width: int | float | Decimal | None

Pixel width of the graph line. Defaults to 2.

Return type:: numeric or None

property linecap: str | None

The SVG value used for the stroke-linecap and stroke-linejoin of a line graph. Defaults to 'round', which means that lines are rounded in the ends and bends.

Return type:: str or None

property linked_to: str | None

The id of another series to link to.

Hint

The value can be ':previous' to link to the previous series. When two series are linked, only the first one appears in the legend. Toggling the visibility of this also toggles the linked series.

Note

If the master series uses data sorting and linked series does not have its own sorting definition, the linked series will be sorted in the same order as the master one.

Return type:: str or None

property marker: Marker | None

Options for the point markers of line-like series.

Properties like fill_color, line_color and line_width define the visual appearance of the markers. Other series types, like column series, don’t have markers, but have visual options on the series level instead.

Return type:: Marker or None

property name: str | None

The name of the series as shown in the legend, tooltip, etc. Defaults to None.

Return type:: str or None

property negative_color: str | Gradient | Pattern | None

The color for the parts of the graph or points that are below the AreaOptions.threshold().

Note

Zones take precedence over the negative color. Using negative_color is equivalent to applying a zone with value of 0.

Return type:: None, Gradient, Pattern, or str

property negative_fill_color: str | Gradient | Pattern | None

A separate color for the negative part of the area.

Return type:: None, Gradient, Pattern, or str

property on_point: OnPointOptions | None

Options for the Series on point feature, which is currently only supported by pie and sunburst chargs.

Return type:: OnPointOptions or None

property opacity: float | None

Opacity of a series parts: line, fill (e.g. area), and labels.

Return type:: float

property point: Point | None

Properties for each single point.

Return type:: Point or None

property point_description_format: str | None

A format string to use instead of the default for point descriptions on the series. Defaults to None.

Note

Overrides the chart-wide configuration, as applicable.

Return type:: str or None

property point_description_formatter: CallbackFunction | None

Same as for Accessibility.series.description_formatter(), only for an individual series. Overrides the chart-wide configuration.

Return type:: CallbackFunction or None

property point_interval: int | float | Decimal | None

If no x values are given for the points in a series, point_interval defines the interval of the x values. Defaults to 1.

For example, if a series contains one value every decade starting from year 0, set point_interval to 10. In true datetime axes, the point_interval is set in milliseconds.

Hint

point_interval can be also be combined with point_interval_unit to draw irregular time intervals.

Note

If combined with relative_x_value, an x value can be set on each point, and the point_interval is added x times to the point_start setting.

Warning

This options applies to the series data, not the interval of the axis ticks, which is independent.

Return type:: numeric or None

property point_interval_unit: str | None

On datetime series, this allows for setting the point_interval to irregular time units, day, month, and year.

A day is usually the same as 24 hours, but point_interval_unit also takes the DST crossover into consideration when dealing with local time.

Combine this option with point_interval to draw weeks, quarters, 6 month periods, 10 year periods, etc.

Warning

This options applies to the series data, not the interval of the axis ticks, which is independent.

Return type:: str or None

property point_placement: str | int | float | Decimal | None

Used to determine the placement of the point in relation to tick marks on the X axis. Defaults to None, which behaves as undefined in cartesian charts, and "between" in polar charts.

Accepts possible values:

'on' - where the point will not create any padding of the X axis. In a polar column chart this means that the first column points directly north.

"between" - where the columns will be laid out between ticks. This is useful for example for visualising an amount between two points in time or in a certain sector of a polar chart.

a numeric value - where 0 is on the axis value, -0.5 is between this value and the previous, and 0.5 is between this value and the next. Unlike the textual options, numeric point placement options won’t affect axis padding.

Warning

Requires point_range to work. For column series this is computed, but for line-type series it needs to be set.

Note

For the xrange series type and gantt charts, if the Y axis is a category axis, the point_placement applies to the Y axis rather than the (typically datetime) X axis.

Return type:: str or None

property point_start: int | float | Decimal | None

If no x values are given for the points in a series, point_start defines on what value to start. For example, if a series contains one yearly value starting from 1945, set point_start to 1945. Defaults to 0.

Note

If combined with relative_x_value, an x value can be set on each point. The x value from the point options is multiplied by point_interval and added to point_start to produce a modified x value.

Return type:: numeric or None

property relative_x_value: bool | None

When True, X values in the data set are relative to the current point_start, point_interval, and point_interval_unit settings. This allows compression of the data for datasets with irregular X values. Defaults to False.

The real X values are computed on the formula f(x) = ax + b, where a is the point_interval (optionally with a time unit given by point_interval_unit), and b is the point_start.

Return type:: bool or None

property selected: bool | None

If True, the series is selected initially (by default, without user interaction). Defaults to False.

Note

If GenericTypeOptions.show_checkbox() is True, then the checkbox will be checked if selected is True.

Return type:: bool or None

property shadow: bool | ShadowOptions | None

Configuration for the shadow to apply to the tooltip. Defaults to False.

If False, no shadow is applied.

Returns:: The shadow configuration to apply or a boolean setting which hides the shadow or displays the default shadow.
Return type:: bool or ShadowOptions

property show_checkbox: bool | None

If True, a checkbox is displayed next to the legend item to allow selecting the series.

Note

The state of the checkbox is controlled by the GenericTypeOptions.selected() property.

Return type:: bool or None

property show_in_legend: bool | None

Whether to display this particular series or series type in the legend. Standalone series are shown in the legend by default, and linked series are not.

Return type:: bool or None

property skip_keyboard_navigation: bool | None

If True, the accessibility module will skip past this series when executing keyboard navigation.

Return type:: bool or None

property soft_threshold: bool | None

When True, the series will not cause the Y axis to cross the zero plane (or threshold option) unless the data actually crosses the plane. Defaults to True.

For example, if False, a series of 0, 1, 2, 3 will make the Y axis show negative values according to the min_padidng option. If True, the Y axis starts at 0.

Return type:: bool

property sonification: SeriesSonification | None

Sonification configuration for the series type/series.

Return type:: SeriesSonification or None

property stack: str | None

Indicates the “stack” into which the series should be grouped, if the chart groups series into stacks. Defaults to None.

Note

The value can be a string or a numeric value, provided that series in the same stack all have the same value when converted to a string. For ease of ues, Highcharts for Python will attempt to force the conversion of the relevant value to a string.

Return type:: str or None

property stacking: str | None

Whether to stack the values of each series on top of each other. Defaults to None.

Acceptable values are:

None to disable stacking,

"normal" to stack by value or

"percent"

'stream' (for streamgraph series type only)

'overlap' (for waterfall series type only)

Note

When stacking is enabled, data must be sorted in ascending X order.

Return type:: str or None

property states: States | None

Configuration for state-specific configuration to apply to the data series.

Return type:: States or None

property step: str | None

Whether to apply steps to the line. Defaults to None.

Possible values are:

None

'left'

'center'

'right'

Return type:: str or None

property sticky_tracking: bool | None

Sticky tracking of mouse events.

When True, the (JavaScript) mouseOut event on a series is not triggered until the mouse moves over another series, or out of the plot area.

When False, the (JavaScript) mouseOut event on a series is triggered when the mouse leaves the area around the series’ graph or markers. This also implies the tooltip when not shared.

When False and PlotOptions.tooltip.shared() is also False, the tooltip will be hidden when moving the mouse between series.

Defaults to True for line and area type series, but to False for columns, pies, etc.

Note

The boost module will force this option because of technical limitations.

Return type:: bool or None

property threshold: int | float | Decimal | EnforcedNullType | None

The Y axis value to serve as the base for the columns, for distinguishing between values above and below a threshold. Defaults to 0.

If EnforcedNullType, the columns extend from the padding Y axis minimum.

Return type:: numeric or EnforcedNullType or None

property tooltip: Tooltip | None

A configuration object for the tooltip rendering of each single series. Properties are inherited from tooltip, but only the following properties can be defined on a series level.

Return type:: Tooltip or None

property track_by_area: bool | None

When True, the whole area should respond to mouseover tooltips and other mouse or touch events. When False, only the line responds to mouse/touch events. Defaults to False.

Return type:: bool

property turbo_threshold: int | None

When a series contains a data array longer than this value, only one dimensional arrays of numbers, or two dimensional arrays with x and y values are allowed. Also, only the first point is tested, and the rest are assumed to be the same format. This saves expensive data checking and indexing in long series. Set it to 0 or None to disable.

Defaults to 1000.

Note

In boost mode, turbo threshold is forced. Only array of numbers or two dimensional arrays are allowed.

Return type:: int or None

property type: str

Indicates the type of series that is represented by this instance.

Warning

This proprety is read-only!

Return type:: str

property visible: bool | None

If True, the series is initially visible. If False, the series is hidden by default. Defaults to True.

Return type:: bool or None

property x_axis: str | int | None

When using multiple X-axes, this setting determines on which axis the series should be drawn. Its value should be either a numerical index position in the Options.x_axis() array (starting at 0), or a str indicating the id of the axis to which the series should be connected. Defaults to None, which behaves as if the value were set to 0.

Return type:: str, int, or None

property y_axis: str | int | None

When using multiple Y-axes, this setting determines on which axis the series should be drawn. Its value should be either a numerical index position in the Options.y_axis() array (starting at 0), or a str indicating the id of the axis to which the series should be connected. Defaults to None, which behaves as if the value were set to 0.

Return type:: str, int, or None

property z_index: int | float | Decimal | None

The visual z-index of the series. Defaults to None.

Return type:: numeric or None

property zone_axis: str | None

Defines the Axis on which the zones are applied. Defaults to 'y'.

Return type:: str or None

property zones: List[Zone] | None

An array defining zones within a series. Defaults to None.

Zones can be applied to the X axis, Y axis or Z axis for bubbles, according to the zone_axis setting.

Warning

The zone definitions have to be in ascending order regarding to the value.

Return type:: None or list of Zone instances

.bellcurve

class: BellCurveSeries

`.bellcurve`

class: `BellCurveSeries`