.networkgraph

---

class: NetworkGraphOptions

class NetworkGraphOptions(**kwargs)

General options to apply to all Network Graph series types.

A network graph is a type of relationship chart, where connnections (links) attract nodes (points) and other nodes repulse each other.

Class Inheritance

copy(other=None, overwrite=True, **kwargs)

Copy the configuration settings from this instance to the other instance.

Parameters:

• other (HighchartsMeta) – The target instance to which the properties of this instance should be copied. If None, will create a new instance and populate it with properties copied from self. Defaults to None.

• overwrite (bool) – if True, properties in other that are already set will be overwritten by their counterparts in self. Defaults to True.

• kwargs – Additional keyword arguments. Some special descendents of HighchartsMeta may have special implementations of this method which rely on additional keyword arguments.

Returns:

A mutated version of other with new property values

classmethod from_dict(as_dict: dict, allow_snake_case: bool = True)

Construct an instance of the class from a dict object.

Parameters:

• as_dict (dict) – A dict representation of the object.

• allow_snake_case (bool) – If True, interprets snake_case keys as equivalent to camelCase keys. Defaults to True.

Returns:

A Python object representation of as_dict.

Return type:

HighchartsMeta

classmethod from_js_literal(as_str_or_file, allow_snake_case: bool = True, _break_loop_on_failure: bool = False)

Return a Python object representation of a Highcharts JavaScript object literal.

Parameters:

• as_str_or_file (str) – The JavaScript object literal, represented either as a str or as a filename which contains the JS object literal.

• allow_snake_case (bool) – If True, interprets snake_case keys as equivalent to camelCase keys. Defaults to True.

• _break_loop_on_failure (bool) – If True, will break any looping operations in the event of a failure. Otherwise, will attempt to repair the failure. Defaults to False.

Returns:

A Python object representation of the Highcharts JavaScript object literal.

Return type:

HighchartsMeta

classmethod from_json(as_json_or_file, allow_snake_case: bool = True)

Construct an instance of the class from a JSON string.

Parameters:

• as_json_or_file – The JSON string for the object or the filename of a file that contains the JSON string.

• allow_snake_case (bool) – If True, interprets snake_case keys as equivalent to camelCase keys. Defaults to True.

Returns:

A Python objcet representation of as_json.

Return type:

HighchartsMeta

get_required_modules(include_extension=False) → List[str]

Return the list of URLs from which the Highcharts JavaScript modules needed to render the chart can be retrieved.

Parameters:

include_extension (bool) – if True, will return script names with the '.js' extension included. Defaults to False.

Return type:

list of str

to_dict() → dict

Generate a dict representation of the object compatible with the Highcharts JavaScript library.

Note

The dict representation has a property structure and naming convention that is intentionally consistent with the Highcharts JavaScript library. This is not Pythonic, but it makes managing the interplay between the two languages much, much simpler.

Returns:

A dict representation of the object.

Return type:

dict

to_js_literal(filename=None, encoding='utf-8', careful_validation=False) → str | None

Return the object represented as a str containing the JavaScript object literal.

Parameters:

• filename (Path-like) – The name of a file to which the JavaScript object literal should be persisted. Defaults to None

• encoding (str) – The character encoding to apply to the resulting object. Defaults to 'utf-8'.

• careful_validation – if True, will carefully validate JavaScript values

along the way using the esprima-python library. Defaults to False.

Warning

Setting this value to True will significantly degrade serialization performance, though it may prove useful for debugging purposes.

Return type:

str or None

to_json(filename=None, encoding='utf-8')

Generate a JSON string/byte string representation of the object compatible with the Highcharts JavaScript library.

Note

This method will either return a standard str or a bytes object depending on the JSON serialization library you are using. For example, if your environment has orjson, the result will be a bytes representation of the string.

Parameters:

• filename (Path-like) – The name of a file to which the JSON string should be persisted. Defaults to None

• encoding (str) – The character encoding to apply to the resulting object. Defaults to 'utf-8'.

Returns:

A JSON representation of the object compatible with the Highcharts library.

Return type:

str or bytes

static trim_dict(untrimmed: dict, to_json: bool = False, context: str = None) → dict

Remove keys from untrimmed whose values are None and convert values that have .to_dict() methods.

Parameters:

• untrimmed (dict) – The dict whose values may still be None or Python objects.

• to_json (bool) – If True, will remove all keys from untrimmed that are not serializable to JSON. Defaults to False.

• context (str or None) – If provided, will inform the method of the context in which it is being run which may inform special handling cases (e.g. where empty strings may be important / allowable). Defaults to None.

Returns:

Trimmed dict

Return type:

dict

static trim_iterable(untrimmed, to_json=False, context: str = None)

Convert any EnforcedNullType values in untrimmed to 'null'.

Parameters:

• untrimmed (iterable) – The iterable whose members may still be None or Python objects.

• to_json (bool) – If True, will remove all members from untrimmed that are not serializable to JSON. Defaults to False.

• context (str or None) – If provided, will inform the method of the context in which it is being run which may inform special handling cases (e.g. where empty strings may be important / allowable). Defaults to None.

Return type:

iterable

property accessibility: TypeOptionsAccessibility | None

Accessibility options for a series.

Return type:

TypeOptionsAccessibility or None

property allow_point_select: bool | None

Allow this series’ points to be selected by clicking on the graphic (columns, point markers, pie slices, map areas etc).

The selected points can be handled in JavaScript by point select and unselect events, or collectively by the (JavaScript) getSelectedPoints() function.

And alternative way of selecting points is through dragging.

Defaults to False.

Return type:

bool or None

property animation: AnimationOptions | None

Enable or disable the initial animation when a series is displayed.

The animation can also be set as a configuration object. Please note that this option only applies to the initial animation of the series itself. For other animations, see Chart.animation and the animation parameter under the (JavaScript) API methods. The following properties are supported:

• defer: The animation delay time in milliseconds.

• duration: The duration of the animation in milliseconds.

• easing: Can be a string reference to an easing function set on the Math object or a function.

Warning

Due to poor performance, animation is disabled in old IE browsers for several chart types.

Return type:

AnimationOptions or None

property class_name: str | None

The additional CSS class name to apply to the series’ graphical elements.

Note

This option is additive to the default class names - it does not replace them.

Return type:

str or None

property clip: bool | None

If False, allows the series to be rendered in the entire plot area. If True, constrains where the series can be rendered within the plot area. Defaults to True.

Return type:

bool or None

property color: str | Gradient | Pattern | None

The main color of the series.

In line type series it applies to the line and the point markers unless otherwise specified. In bar type series it applies to the bars unless a color is specified per point. The default value is pulled from the Options.colors() array.

Returns:

The main color applied to the series.

Return type:

str, Gradient, Pattern`, or None

property color_index: int | None

When operating in styled mode, a specific color index to use for the series, so that its graphic representations are given the class name highcharts-color-{n}.

Defaults to None.

Return type:

int or None

property crisp: bool | None

If True, each point or column edge is rounded to its nearest pixel in order to render sharp on screen. Defaults to True.

Hint

In some cases, when there are a lot of densely packed columns, this leads to visible difference in column widths or distance between columns. In these cases, setting crisp to False may look better, even though each column is rendered blurry.

Return type:

bool or None

property cursor: str | None

The style of cursor to use when the user’s mouse hovers over the data series.

Acceptable values are:

• 'alias'

• 'all-scroll'

• 'auto'

• 'cell'

• 'col-resize'

• 'context-menu'

• 'copy'

• 'crosshair'

• 'default'

• 'e-resize'

• 'ew-resize'

• 'grab'

• 'grabbing'

• 'help'

• 'move'

• 'n-resize'

• 'ne-resize'

• 'nesw-resize'

• 'no-drop'

• 'none'

• 'not-allowed'

• 'ns-resize'

• 'nw-resize'

• 'nwse-resize'

• 'pointer'

• 'progress'

• 'row-resize'

• 's-resize'

• 'se-resize'

• 'sw-resize'

• 'text'

• 'vertical-text'

• 'w-resize'

• 'wait'

• 'zoom-in'

• 'zoom-out'

Return type:

str or None

property custom: JavaScriptDict | None

A reserved subspace to store options and values for customized functionality.

Here you can add additional data for your own event callbacks and formatter callbacks.

Return type:

dict or None

property dash_style: str | None

Name of the dash style to use for the graph, or for some series types the outline of each shape.

Accepts one of the following values:

• ‘Dash’,

• ‘DashDot’,

• ‘Dot’,

• ‘LongDash’,

• ‘LongDashDot’,

• ‘LongDashDotDot’,

• ‘ShortDash’,

• ‘ShortDashDot’,

• ‘ShortDashDotDot’,

• ‘ShortDot’,

• ‘Solid’

Return type:

str or None

property data_labels: DataLabel | List[DataLabel] | None

Options for the series data labels, appearing next to each data point.

Note

To have multiple data labels per data point, you can also supply a collection of DataLabel configuration settings.

Return type:

DataLabel, list of DataLabel, or None

property description: str | None

A description of the series to add to the screen reader information about the series.

Return type:

str or None

property draggable: bool | None

If True, indicates that the nodes are draggable. Defaults to True.

Return type:

bool or None

property enable_mouse_tracking: bool | None

If True, enables mouse tracking for the series (used to capture point tooltips, click events on graphs and points, etc.). If False, disables mouse tracking for the series (which can help performance). Defaults to True.

Return type:

bool or None

property events: SimulationEvents | None

Event handlers for a network graph series.

Note

These event hooks can also be attached to the series at run time using the (JavaScript) Highcharts.addEvent() function.

Return type:

SimulationEvents or None

property find_nearest_point_by: str | None

Determines whether the series should look for the nearest point in both dimensions or just the x-dimension when hovering the series.

If None, defaults to 'xy' for scatter series and 'x' for most other series. If the data has duplicate x-values, it is recommended to set this to 'xy' to allow hovering over all points.

Applies only to series types using nearest neighbor search (not direct hover) for tooltip.

Return type:

str or None

property include_in_data_export: bool | None

If False, will prevent the data series from being included in any form of data export. Defaults to True.

Return type:

bool or None

property keys: List[str] | None

An array specifying which option maps to which key in the data point array.

This makes it convenient to work with unstructured data arrays from different sources.

Return type:

list of str, or None

property label: SeriesLabel | None

Series labels are placed as close to the series as possible in a natural way, seeking to avoid other series. The goal of this feature is to make the chart more easily readable, like if a human designer placed the labels in the optimal position.

Note

The series labels currently work with series types having a graph or an area.

Return type:

SeriesLabel or None

property layout_algorithm: LayoutAlgorithm | None

Configuration of how to lay out the Network Graph.

Return type:

LayoutAlgorithm or None

property legend_symbol: str | None

The type of legend symbol to render for the series. Accepts either 'lineMarker' or 'rectangle'. Defaults to 'rectangle'.

Return type:

str

property line_width: int | float | Decimal | None

Pixel width of the graph line. Defaults to 2.

Return type:

numeric or None

property link: LinkOptions | None

Link style options.

Return type:

LinkOptions or None

property linked_to: str | None

The id of another series to link to.

Hint

The value can be ':previous' to link to the previous series. When two series are linked, only the first one appears in the legend. Toggling the visibility of this also toggles the linked series.

Note

If the master series uses data sorting and linked series does not have its own sorting definition, the linked series will be sorted in the same order as the master one.

Return type:

str or None

property marker: Marker | None

Options for the point markers of line-like series.

Properties like fill_color, line_color and line_width define the visual appearance of the markers. Other series types, like column series, don’t have markers, but have visual options on the series level instead.

Return type:

Marker or None

property on_point: OnPointOptions | None

Options for the Series on point feature, which is currently only supported by pie and sunburst chargs.

Return type:

OnPointOptions or None

property opacity: float | None

Opacity of a series parts: line, fill (e.g. area), and labels.

Return type:

float

property point: Point | None

Properties for each single point.

Return type:

Point or None

property point_description_formatter: CallbackFunction | None

Same as for Accessibility.series.description_formatter(), only for an individual series. Overrides the chart-wide configuration.

Return type:

CallbackFunction or None

property relative_x_value: bool | None

When True, X values in the data set are relative to the current point_start, point_interval, and point_interval_unit settings. This allows compression of the data for datasets with irregular X values. Defaults to False.

The real X values are computed on the formula f(x) = ax + b, where a is the point_interval (optionally with a time unit given by point_interval_unit), and b is the point_start.

Return type:

bool or None

property selected: bool | None

If True, the series is selected initially (by default, without user interaction). Defaults to False.

Note

If GenericTypeOptions.show_checkbox() is True, then the checkbox will be checked if selected is True.

Return type:

bool or None

property shadow: bool | ShadowOptions | None

Configuration for the shadow to apply to the tooltip. Defaults to False.

If False, no shadow is applied.

Returns:

The shadow configuration to apply or a boolean setting which hides the shadow or displays the default shadow.

Return type:

bool or ShadowOptions

property show_checkbox: bool | None

If True, a checkbox is displayed next to the legend item to allow selecting the series.

Note

The state of the checkbox is controlled by the GenericTypeOptions.selected() property.

Return type:

bool or None

property show_in_legend: bool | None

Whether to display this particular series or series type in the legend. Standalone series are shown in the legend by default, and linked series are not.

Return type:

bool or None

property skip_keyboard_navigation: bool | None

If True, the accessibility module will skip past this series when executing keyboard navigation.

Return type:

bool or None

property sonification: SeriesSonification | None

Sonification configuration for the series type/series.

Return type:

SeriesSonification or None

property states: States | None

Configuration for state-specific configuration to apply to the data series.

Return type:

States or None

property sticky_tracking: bool | None

Sticky tracking of mouse events.

When True, the (JavaScript) mouseOut event on a series is not triggered until the mouse moves over another series, or out of the plot area.

When False, the (JavaScript) mouseOut event on a series is triggered when the mouse leaves the area around the series’ graph or markers. This also implies the tooltip when not shared.

When False and PlotOptions.tooltip.shared() is also False, the tooltip will be hidden when moving the mouse between series.

Defaults to True for line and area type series, but to False for columns, pies, etc.

Note

The boost module will force this option because of technical limitations.

Return type:

bool or None

property threshold: int | float | Decimal | EnforcedNullType | None

The Y axis value to serve as the base for the columns, for distinguishing between values above and below a threshold. Defaults to 0.

If EnforcedNullType, the columns extend from the padding Y axis minimum.

Return type:

numeric or EnforcedNullType or None

property tooltip: Tooltip | None

A configuration object for the tooltip rendering of each single series. Properties are inherited from tooltip, but only the following properties can be defined on a series level.

Return type:

Tooltip or None

property turbo_threshold: int | None

When a series contains a data array longer than this value, only one dimensional arrays of numbers, or two dimensional arrays with x and y values are allowed. Also, only the first point is tested, and the rest are assumed to be the same format. This saves expensive data checking and indexing in long series. Set it to 0 or None to disable.

Defaults to 1000.

Note

In boost mode, turbo threshold is forced. Only array of numbers or two dimensional arrays are allowed.

Return type:

int or None

property type: str

Indicates the type of series that is represented by this instance.

Warning

This proprety is read-only!

Return type:

str

property visible: bool | None

If True, the series is initially visible. If False, the series is hidden by default. Defaults to True.

Return type:

bool or None

property zones: List[Zone] | None

An array defining zones within a series. Defaults to None.

Zones can be applied to the X axis, Y axis or Z axis for bubbles, according to the zone_axis setting.

Warning

The zone definitions have to be in ascending order regarding to the value.

Return type:

None or list of Zone instances

---

class: LayoutAlgorithm

class LayoutAlgorithm(**kwargs)

Configuration of how to lay out the Network Graph.

Class Inheritance

copy(other=None, overwrite=True, **kwargs)

Copy the configuration settings from this instance to the other instance.

Parameters:

• other (HighchartsMeta) – The target instance to which the properties of this instance should be copied. If None, will create a new instance and populate it with properties copied from self. Defaults to None.

• overwrite (bool) – if True, properties in other that are already set will be overwritten by their counterparts in self. Defaults to True.

• kwargs – Additional keyword arguments. Some special descendents of HighchartsMeta may have special implementations of this method which rely on additional keyword arguments.

Returns:

A mutated version of other with new property values

classmethod from_dict(as_dict: dict, allow_snake_case: bool = True)

Construct an instance of the class from a dict object.

Parameters:

• as_dict (dict) – A dict representation of the object.

• allow_snake_case (bool) – If True, interprets snake_case keys as equivalent to camelCase keys. Defaults to True.

Returns:

A Python object representation of as_dict.

Return type:

HighchartsMeta

classmethod from_js_literal(as_str_or_file, allow_snake_case: bool = True, _break_loop_on_failure: bool = False)

Return a Python object representation of a Highcharts JavaScript object literal.

Parameters:

• as_str_or_file (str) – The JavaScript object literal, represented either as a str or as a filename which contains the JS object literal.

• allow_snake_case (bool) – If True, interprets snake_case keys as equivalent to camelCase keys. Defaults to True.

• _break_loop_on_failure (bool) – If True, will break any looping operations in the event of a failure. Otherwise, will attempt to repair the failure. Defaults to False.

Returns:

A Python object representation of the Highcharts JavaScript object literal.

Return type:

HighchartsMeta

classmethod from_json(as_json_or_file, allow_snake_case: bool = True)

Construct an instance of the class from a JSON string.

Parameters:

• as_json_or_file – The JSON string for the object or the filename of a file that contains the JSON string.

• allow_snake_case (bool) – If True, interprets snake_case keys as equivalent to camelCase keys. Defaults to True.

Returns:

A Python objcet representation of as_json.

Return type:

HighchartsMeta

get_required_modules(include_extension=False) → List[str]

Return the list of URLs from which the Highcharts JavaScript modules needed to render the chart can be retrieved.

Parameters:

include_extension (bool) – if True, will return script names with the '.js' extension included. Defaults to False.

Return type:

list of str

to_dict() → dict

Generate a dict representation of the object compatible with the Highcharts JavaScript library.

Note

The dict representation has a property structure and naming convention that is intentionally consistent with the Highcharts JavaScript library. This is not Pythonic, but it makes managing the interplay between the two languages much, much simpler.

Returns:

A dict representation of the object.

Return type:

dict

to_js_literal(filename=None, encoding='utf-8', careful_validation=False) → str | None

Return the object represented as a str containing the JavaScript object literal.

Parameters:

• filename (Path-like) – The name of a file to which the JavaScript object literal should be persisted. Defaults to None

• encoding (str) – The character encoding to apply to the resulting object. Defaults to 'utf-8'.

• careful_validation – if True, will carefully validate JavaScript values

along the way using the esprima-python library. Defaults to False.

Warning

Setting this value to True will significantly degrade serialization performance, though it may prove useful for debugging purposes.

Return type:

str or None

to_json(filename=None, encoding='utf-8')

Generate a JSON string/byte string representation of the object compatible with the Highcharts JavaScript library.

Note

This method will either return a standard str or a bytes object depending on the JSON serialization library you are using. For example, if your environment has orjson, the result will be a bytes representation of the string.

Parameters:

• filename (Path-like) – The name of a file to which the JSON string should be persisted. Defaults to None

• encoding (str) – The character encoding to apply to the resulting object. Defaults to 'utf-8'.

Returns:

A JSON representation of the object compatible with the Highcharts library.

Return type:

str or bytes

static trim_dict(untrimmed: dict, to_json: bool = False, context: str = None) → dict

Remove keys from untrimmed whose values are None and convert values that have .to_dict() methods.

Parameters:

• untrimmed (dict) – The dict whose values may still be None or Python objects.

• to_json (bool) – If True, will remove all keys from untrimmed that are not serializable to JSON. Defaults to False.

• context (str or None) – If provided, will inform the method of the context in which it is being run which may inform special handling cases (e.g. where empty strings may be important / allowable). Defaults to None.

Returns:

Trimmed dict

Return type:

dict

static trim_iterable(untrimmed, to_json=False, context: str = None)

Convert any EnforcedNullType values in untrimmed to 'null'.

Parameters:

• untrimmed (iterable) – The iterable whose members may still be None or Python objects.

• to_json (bool) – If True, will remove all members from untrimmed that are not serializable to JSON. Defaults to False.

• context (str or None) – If provided, will inform the method of the context in which it is being run which may inform special handling cases (e.g. where empty strings may be important / allowable). Defaults to None.

Return type:

iterable

property approximation: str | None

Approximation used to calculate repulsive forces affecting nodes.

When None, when calculateing net force, nodes are compared against each other, which gives O(N^2) complexity. Using barnes-hut approximation, we decrease this to O(N log N), but the resulting graph will have a different layout.

Note

Barnes-Hut approximation divides space into rectangles via quad tree, where forces exerted on nodes are calculated directly for nearby cells, and for all others, cells are treated as a separate node with center of mass.

Return type:

str or None

property attractive_force: CallbackFunction | None

JavaScript function which calculates the attraction force applied on a node which is conected to another node by a link.

The (JavaScript) function should be passed two arguments:

• d - which is the current distance between two nodes

• k - which is the desired distance between two nodes

If None, defaults to:

function (d, k) {
    return k * k / d;
}

If LayoutAlgorithm.integration() is 'verlet', then if None defaults to:

function (d, k) {
    return (k - d) / d;
}

Return type:

CallbackFunction or None

property enable_simulation: bool | None

If True, enables live simulation of the algorithm’s implementation. All nodes are animated as the force applies to them. Defaults to False.

Warning

EXPERIMENTAL!

Return type:

bool

property friction: int | float | Decimal | None

Friction applied on forces to prevent nodes rushing to fast to the desired positions. Defaults to -0.981.

Return type:

numeric or None

property gravitational_constant: int | float | Decimal | None

Gravitational const used in the barycenter force of the algorithm. Defaults to 0.0625.

Return type:

numeric or None

property initial_position_radius: int | float | Decimal | None

When LayoutAlgorithm.initial_positions() is set to 'circle', this setting is the distance from the center of the circle at which nodes will be created. Defaults to 1.

Return type:

numeric or None

property initial_positions: str | None

Initial layout algorithm for positioning nodes. Defaults to 'circle'.

Accepts the following options:

• "circle"

• "random"

• a JavaScript function where positions should be set on each node (this.nodes) as node.plotX and node.plotY

Return type:

str or None

property integration: str | None

Integration type. Defaults to 'euler'.

Available options are:

• 'euler'

• 'verlet'

Integration determines how forces are applied on particles. In Euler integration, force is applied directly as newPosition += velocity;. In Verlet integration, new position is based on the previous posittion without velocity: newPosition += previousPosition - newPosition.

Note that different integrations give different results as forces are different.

Return type:

str or None

property link_length: int | float | Decimal | None

Ideal length (px) of the link between two nodes. When None, length is calculated (in JavaScript) as: Math.pow(availableWidth * availableHeight / nodesLength, 0.4);

Note

Because of the algorithm specification, length of each link might be not exactly as specified.

Return type:

numeric or None

property max_iterations: int | None

Maximum number of iterations before algorithm will stop. In general, the algorithm should find positions sooner, but when rendering huge number of nodes, it is recommended to increase this value as finding perfect graph positions can require more time.

Defaults to 1000.

Return type:

int or None

property max_speed: int | float | Decimal | None

Maximum speed that a node can attain in one iteration. Defaults to 10.

In terms of simulation, it’s a maximum translation (in pixels) that a node can move (in both x and y dimensions). While friction is applied on all nodes, max_speed is applied only for nodes that move very fast, for example, small or disconnected ones.

Return type:

numeric or None

property repulsive_force: CallbackFunction | None

JavaScript function which calculates the repulsive force applied on a node which is conected to another node by a link.

The (JavaScript) function should be passed two arguments:

• d - which is the current distance between two nodes

• k - which is the desired distance between two nodes

If None, defaults to:

function (d, k) {
    return k * k / d;
}

If LayoutAlgorithm.integration() is 'verlet', then if None defaults to:

function (d, k) {
    return (k - d) / d * (k > d ? 1 : 0)
}

Return type:

CallbackFunction or None

property theta: int | float | Decimal | None

Deteremines when distance between cell and node is small enough to caculate forces. Defaults to 0.5.

The value of theta is compared directly with quotient s / d, where s is the size of the cell, and d is the distance between the center of the cell’s mass and the currently compared node.

Warning

Applies only to the barnes-hut LayoutAlgorithm.approximation().

Return type:

numeric or None

property type: str | None

Type of algorithm used when positioning nodes. Defaults to 'reingold-fruchterman'.

Return type:

str or None